在英文句子中,「主詞」與「動詞」的數(單數或複數)需要保持一致(subject-verb agreement)。這個原則看似簡單,但在複雜句型、集合名詞或連接詞的情況下,卻常讓人混淆。以下就來一一拆解這些重點情況,搭配例句幫助你更清楚理解!
✅ 一、「a number of」vs.「the number of」
這是英文中常見的陷阱之一,兩者的意思不同,動詞也不同。
| 片語 | 意思 | 動詞形式 |
|---|---|---|
| a number of + 複數名詞 | 一些…(表示多個) | 複數動詞 |
| the number of + 複數名詞 | …的數量(指一個總數) | 單數動詞 |
例句:
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✅ A number of students are absent today.(有些學生今天缺席。)
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✅ The number of students in this class is thirty.(這班的學生人數是30人。)
✅ 二、集合名詞(Collective Nouns)
集合名詞如 family, class, team, committee 等,可以視為一個整體(用單數動詞),也可以視為內部的成員個體(用複數動詞)。根據語意判斷。
例句:
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✅ My family lives in Taipei now.(指一家人整體住在台北。)
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✅ They are all very friendly.(指家人每個成員。)
📌 常見集合名詞:
family, class, team, crew, staff, committee, audience, faculty, personnel
✅ 三、由連接詞連接的主詞
1. Both A and B → 動詞用複數
例句:
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✅ Both Peter and Amy are here.(彼得和艾美都在。)
2. Not only A but (also) B → 動詞依據B
例句:
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✅ Not only John but also I am a student.(不只約翰,我也是學生。)
3. A together with B / A along with B → 動詞依據A(A為主體)
例句:
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✅ I, along with John, am a student.
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✅ The teacher, together with the students, is on a trip.
4. Either A or B / Neither A nor B / Not A but B → 動詞依據B
這三個結構的重點都在於:動詞配合靠近動詞的那個主詞(B)。
例句:
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✅ Either he or I am wrong.
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✅ Neither you nor he is correct.
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✅ Not he but I am to be responsible for it.
5. A rather than B → 動詞依據A
因為重點是 A,所以動詞應該與 A 一致。
例句:
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✅ You rather than Mary are my guest.(你才是我的客人,不是瑪麗。)
🧠 小提醒:句首主詞複雜時,看誰才是真主詞!
不要被句中插入語、修飾語混淆,真正的主詞才是動詞的一致依據。
例句:
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✅ The teacher, as well as the students, is excited about the trip.(老師,也就是學生們的帶領者,感到很興奮。)
📝 總結圖表整理
| 結構類型 | 動詞一致對象 | 動詞形式範例 |
|---|---|---|
| A number of + 複數名詞 | 複數名詞 | are, have... |
| The number of + 複數名詞 | 整體數量(單數) | is, has... |
| Collective nouns | 視語意而定 | lives / live |
| Both A and B | A 和 B 都是主詞 | 複數動詞 |
| Not only A but also B | B | 動詞配合 B |
| A along with B | A | 動詞配合 A |
| Either A or B | B | 動詞配合 B |
| Not A but B | B | 動詞配合 B |
| Neither A nor B | B | 動詞配合 B |
| A rather than B | A | 動詞配合 A |
